Chicago Guide (17th Edition)

1. What is the difference between Chicago and Turabian?

Turabian style is a condensed version of Chicago style for post-secondary students writing papers that are not intended for publication.

 

2. How do I cite a source with no author in Chicago style?

When author information is unavailable, start your citation with the title of the work for footnotes. For shortened notes, use a shortened version of the title if it is more than 5 words. An author or creator can also be an organization if an individual is not identified as the author.

 

3. How do I cite a source with no date in Chicago style?

For online sources, the date of the most recent update is the best date to use for citations. Alternatively, you can use the copyright or accessed date. For print materials, use the abbreviation n.d. to signify no date. 

 

4. How do I cite ChatGPT in Chicago style?

ChatGPT is a Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI)/Large Language Model (LLM) not a knowledge creation tool. ChatGPT generates text from other sources without attribution. Generative AI content is nonrecoverable, so it cannot be retrieved or linked. You will need to confirm with your instructor whether you are permitted to use Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT in your assignments. If it is used, all of the content that is generated must be referenced.

Chicago style recommends citing ChatGPT in a footnote. As a non-retrievable source, similar to a personal communication, it should not be included in your Chicago bibliography. Use the general URL for the ChatGPT program as the specific response will not work. 

Use the formatting example below to assist with ChatGPT citation.

1. Text generated by ChatGPT, May 9, 2023, OpenAI, https://chat.openai.com/chat.

2. ChatGPT.

Example Citation Including Prompt:

1. ChatGPT, response to “Suggest 10 historical landmarks to visit in Italy,” May 9, 2023, OpenAI.

Adapted from The Chicago Manual of Style Online. 

 

5. What is a DOI?

A digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique string of letters, numbers, and symbols used to identify and provide a consistent link to digital content like online journal articles. If a DOI is available, it is often located on the first page of the article or on the database landing page. 

 

6. How to format a long quotation in Chicago style?

A quotation of 5 or more lines or more than 100 words should be blocked. 

• Introduce the quotation in your own words.
• Always begin on a new line.
• Do not use quotation marks around the blocked quote.
• Single-space the block quote with one line above and below.
• Indent each line by ½ inch.

See The Chicago Manual of Style Online “How do I write a quotation?”